Jackrik,
Welcome to the world of pi. I'm a newbie myself, and have only recently gotten a B+ model working. However, I've been doing lots of research on monitors and have written on a few threads about it. So, I thought I'd pass some info along.
Disclaimer, since I wrote some of the content on these threads, I'm biased in that those are the thread links I have immediate access to.
I have only skimmed this thread and haven't followed all the links.
But, I looked at the last link you posted. I would NOT recommend plugging an external monitor rated for 12v into the usb adapter cable you mentioned, particularly if plugging into the pi's power supply. It would probably not work and would probably deprive the pi of too much current and possibly crash it, potentially corrupting your operating system installation.
Even if the monitor is rated for 5v, which is what usb uses, I would be very hesitant to try to power from the pi's supply. I strongly suggest a separate power supply for any monitor.
You said you're considering buying a B+. I think that's a good choice. I don't know what power supply you're using for the pi. However, let's say you're using a 2 amp (2a) usb power supply (which is what many things I read recommend). If I remember correctly, the pi uses about .8a. That leaves only about 1.2a for all the other things attached to the pi through the usb ports or all the gpio ports. It's highly likely that a separate monitor will overload the power supply.
You might find the following thread interesting, as well as the threads that it links to. I go into some of the research I've done and implications of power supplies, etc. There are many other interesting comments by others as well.
http://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewt ... 91&t=82895
I have not attached any monitor other than my hdmi computer monitor yet, but I'm definitely considering it.
Somewhere in the thread, you were asking about the video cable for the B+. I think that was answered, but, if not, you need a 3.5mm 4 pole to rca plug cable.
I think this should work, which is basically the av cable for an ipod. I have one on order, but haven't had a chance to try it. Based on my reading, the yellow should output video. Red and white should be audio, but the left and right may be reversed.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B004UCU72U/
If you're booting the noobs OS on your B+, you may need to press a certain number key after boot to activate a composite monitor if you're not using hdmi. This is mentioned in some of these threads. I haven't had a chance to try that either.
Hope this helps. Good luck.
Sincerely,
Ron
(PS - If you email me and don't get a quick response, you might want to send again after a couple of weeks. I don't always see new email messages quickly.)
Ron's Tech Rant Blog: techstarship.com - Blog RSS: techstarship.com/feed/
Ron Frazier