StrixTechnica
Posts: 3
Joined: Tue Apr 18, 2017 1:02 pm

Mod r3 for external WiFi antenna

Tue Apr 18, 2017 2:34 pm

Hi,

I'd like to see about replacing the built-in antenna with an SMA pigtail or U.FL connector so I can a) locate the WiFi antenna well away from the Pi and b) put the Pi in a metal box (or wrap in foil) in order to contain as much RFI as possible without compromising WiFi connectivity.

Would it be possible to get enough of the schematic (and possibly PCB layout, if it's difficult to identify what's what) to see what sort of antenna is attached to the WiFi MAC and what passive RF loading components there are between the MAC and the white SMD antenna? (I assume that the MAC has a plain 50Ω RF I/O but that, because the antenna isn't quarter wave or dipole, there must be some passives to impedance match the antenna with the MAC unless the required matching is built-in to the antenna.)

I realise that this is a bit of a long shot given certification considerations etc, but it strikes me that it is better to get the information required to modify the Pi cleanly with minimal impedance discontinuities to avoid muddying the spectrum than to go it alone and make guesses, with possibly negative consequences to the local RF environment.

There are instructions out there for adding pigtails and even for adding an SMT U.FL connector (but out of deference for the Foundation and the mods of this forum, I won't link it unless I'm told it's okay to do so) but without knowing exactly what's there and what other modifications might be required, it's anybody's guess as to what results they'll produce. It'll probably work, but it might increase the local noise floor. I'd prefer to be a responsible RF citizen if possible ;)

NB: I don't want to use a WiFi dongle because that would reduce bandwidth available to other devices (notably RTL-SDR dongles, possibly two or more if there's enough processing power), where the built-in WiFi is attached via SDIO. I don't need BlueTooth functionality so it's no bother if this mod compromises that.

Usual disclaimers acknowledged: mods done at own risk, warranty voided etc, and I indemnify the Foundation against liability for anything I might do with any information received.

Thanks,

David.

MaxK1
Posts: 1043
Joined: Sun Aug 26, 2012 11:34 pm

Re: Mod r3 for external WiFi antenna

Tue Apr 18, 2017 4:04 pm

I believe it has been done - google should be able to find it.
You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike.
When General Failure and Major Disaster get together, Private Parts usually suffers.

StrixTechnica
Posts: 3
Joined: Tue Apr 18, 2017 1:02 pm

Re: Mod r3 for external WiFi antenna

Tue Apr 18, 2017 5:17 pm

MaxK1 wrote:I believe it has been done - google should be able to find it.
It has, and I've got a link but that is not the same thing as "doing it right".

If there is a loading inductor on the PCB in order to make the built-in antenna resonant at 2.5 GHz (because it's definitely not a quarter-wave antenna!) — and it very much looks like there might be, based on this photograph of the underside of the PCB (that large white brick, not to be confused with the antenna which is on the other side) — that inductor and any associated components should be removed.

My question is aimed at finding out what passives there are. Even if Foundation engineers don't have the time to comment, I can make some educated guesses based on the schematic — if I can get the relevant part of it.

MaxK1
Posts: 1043
Joined: Sun Aug 26, 2012 11:34 pm

Re: Mod r3 for external WiFi antenna

Wed Apr 19, 2017 1:51 pm

Agreed. As always, you can find hundreds of How-NOT-To's for every good link. Or out of date or just plain wrong (and potentially damaging) guides out there. Beware...
You are in a maze of twisty little passages, all alike.
When General Failure and Major Disaster get together, Private Parts usually suffers.

StrixTechnica
Posts: 3
Joined: Tue Apr 18, 2017 1:02 pm

Re: Mod r3 for external WiFi antenna

Wed Jul 12, 2017 10:20 am

Update: While pulling off the antenna might work, it isn't worth it:
  • The built-in WiFi/BT MAC doesn't support 5 GHz (it can't, because it only has the one antenna attached to a MAC that multiplexes the 2.5 GHz radio between WiFi and BT)
  • The maximum bandwidth of the built-in WiFi seems to be 72 Mb/s. I'm unsure whether this is because it lacks 5 GHz support, lacks 40 MHz support, or due to a misconfiguration.
  • Even if it does support 150 Gb/s, I gather the SDIO interface (by which the MAC is connected) is limited to around 40 or 50 Mb/s, which would be consistent with my throughput testing with the pi within a few yards of the AP.
Upshot is that a decent USB-based WiFi MAC is probably the way to go if you care about wireless bandwidth.

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